En esta publicación se muestra el análisis voltamperométrico no como una técnica cuantitativa, si no que se utiliza la información voltamperométrica para poder determinar la coordinación y las propiedades de transferencia electrónica del Ni(II) a distinta acidez.

The coordination chem. of Ni(II) in the ionic liq. aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-Me imidazolium chloride (EMIC) has been detd. using visible absorption spectrophotometry.  By dissolving nickel chloride (NiCl2) in Lewis acidic and basic ionic liqs. and observing the resultant spectra and voltammetric information, one can det. the coordination and electron-transfer properties of Ni(II) at the various acidities.  The optical data indicate the formation of tetrahedral NiCl42- in the ionic liq. with excess EMIC (basic melt, NAlCl3 < 0.5) with absorption maxima at 659 and 707 nm.  In acidic melts (NAlCl3 > 0.5), the wavelength of max. absorbance shifts to 462 nm.  This dramatic change in the visible spectrum is indicative of a change in the coordination of Ni(II) from tetrahedral (basic) to octahedral (acidic) geometry, changes which are mirrored in the cyclic voltammetry data of the same samples.  Studies in the neutral melt are also presented here. 

Parker, J. F.; Cheek, G. T.; Roeper, D. F.; O'Grady, W. E.

 ECS Transactions (2012), 41(36, Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids 2), 23-33

Direct Voltammetric Determination of Total Iron with a Gold Microelectrode Ensemble

En este trabajo se habla de una voltamperometría cíclica con un conjunto de microelectrodos de oro para determinar la cantidad de hierro que hay en una muestra debido al comportamiento redox del Fe (II)/(III).

    The behavior of the Fe(II)/(III) redox system at a Au microelectrode ensemble (Au-MEE) based on a solid composite by means of direct and cyclic voltammetric anal. (VA) is reported.  With a simple electrode activation and sample prepn., the influence of dissolved org. substances was eliminated, providing highly sensitive results.  The anal. signal was based on the max. cathodic current (I) of the 1st deriv. (dI/dE), and Fe detn. within the 0.002-0.04 mg L-1 range was studied.  A sensitive LOD (3σ) value of 0.7 μg L-1 for total Fe concn. was calcd.; total Fe detn. in different waters was shown.

   Zakharova, E. A.; Elesova, E. E.; Noskova, G. N.; Lu, M.; Compton, R. G.

 Electroanalysis (2012), 24(11), 2061-2069

Electrochemical method of base electrolyte imitating waste water for voltammetric analysis of copper ions

En este estudio se determinan iones de cobre voltamperométricamente en un agua residual simulada añadiendo a la muestra una cantidad definida de cloruro potásico.

  The invention relates to simulated soln. sample imitating waste water compn. is added to the base electrolyte soln. of potassium chloride 0.05 M, which is pretreated with electrochem. method.  The invention allows for reducing anal. time, analyzing small samples and increasing anal. sensitivity.

 Perevezentseva, D. O.; Chernyshova, N. N.

 Russ. (2012), RU 2453638 C1 20120620

Analysis and design of a multisensory array for explosive substances based on solid electrodes

Fue creado un dispositivo para detectar explosivos. Este dispositivo consta de un electrodo virtual de un metal y una voltamperometría de pulso diferencial. Entre las sñales electroquímica y análisis quimiométricos es posible diferenciar productos explosivos de otras substancias.

The detection of explosives and explosive related compds. is a subject of importance in several areas including environmental health, de-mining efforts (land and sea) and security and defense against terrorist activity.  The use of electrochem. methods is particularly attractive as many common explosives contain suitable chem. groups to be detected using electrochem. methods.  The electrochem. detection of explosives and related compds. in soln. using a virtual metal electrode array and differential pulse voltammetry was achieved.  The multiple sets of voltammetric data were integrated using multivariate anal. and matched with known substances present in explosives.  Seven explosive substances: 2,4-initrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 3,4-dinitrotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene, octogen (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclonite (RDX) and a taggant agent 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) were subjected to anal. using four solid electrodes, namely glassy carbon, silver, gold and platinum in saline aq. solns. to mimic an aquatic environment.  The results obtained in Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) from the different expts. with each electrode were combined to produce a single voltammogram, which was subjected to chemometric anal. using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principle Component Anal. Non-Iterative Partial Least Squares (PCA-NIPALS).  A combination of the electrochem. signals obtained together with the use of chemometric anal. made it possible to discriminate between explosives and their mixts. and also to quantitate their concn. in saline solns.  These combinations created a math. array, which clearly separates the explosives, even if the electrochem. information is buried or mixed with the electrode background noise.

Baron, Mark; Barret, Richard; Rodriguez, Jose-Gonzalez

Proceedings of SPIE (2012), 8545(Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology IX), 85450H/1-85450H/8.

Iron(III) complexes of ethylenediamine derivatives of aminophenol ligands as models for enzyme-substrate adducts of catechol dioxygenases

En este trabajo se sintetizaron complejs de Fe (III) de de derivados de etilendiamina de ligandos aminofenol como modelos de enzima-sustrato aductos de dioxigenasa catecol. Se analizaron, entre otras técnicas, por voltamperometría cíclica.

 

In the present work, six N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine derivs. of substituted aminophenol ligands (H₂L^NEX, X: C, B, M, BM, Bu and OB) were synthesized by a convenient, green procedure.  The mentioned ligands were characterized by ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopies. iron complexes (FeL^NEX, X: C, B, M, BM, Bu and OB) of mentioned ligands, have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, elemental anal., single crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility studies and cyclic voltammetry techniques.  X-ray structure anal. has revealed that Fe(III) centers were surrounded by two phenolates, two amine nitrogens and two oxygen atoms of acetylacetonate ligand similar to the proposed catechol-bound intermediate for catechol dioxygenase.  The variable temp. magnetic susceptibility indicates paramagnetic iron(III) in monomer complexes.  All complexes undergo a metal-centered redn., and a ligand-centered oxidn.

Karimpour, Touraj; Safaei, Elham; Wojtczak, Andrzej; Jaglicic, Zvonko; Kozakiewicz, Anna                                 

Inorganica Chimica Acta (2013), 395, 124-134

Voltammetric analysis of sun-block preparations containing octocrylene and its association with 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and octyl methoxycinnamate

En este artículo se trata un método voltamperométrico basado en una voltamperometría de onda cuadrada para la determinación de un agente de filtro solar de octileno de forma individual y simultánea a la determinación de 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BENZO-3) y octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC).

In this work, an adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method based on square wave voltammetry (SWV) was developed for detn. of the sunscreen agent octocrylene (OCR) individually and simultaneously with 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BENZO-3) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC).  All voltammetric expts. were conducted in a mixt. 0.04 mol L- 1 BR buffer: EtOH (80:20, v:v) using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as working electrode.  The proposed method could be successfully used to analyze com. sun-block prepns. contg. OCR alone and combined with (BENZO-3) and OMC.  For all analyzed samples, the voltammetric method has allowed fast, simple and reliable detn. of these sunscreen agents with minimal sample pre-treatment requirements.

Ferreira, Valdir S.; Junior, Joao B. G.; Oliveira, Celia Maria S. C.; Takeuchi, Regina M.; Santos, Andre L.; Trindade, Magno A. G.

Microchemical Journal (2013), 106, 378-383.

Voltammetric analysis with the use of a novel electro-polymerized graphene-nafion film modified glassy carbon electrode: Simultaneous analysis of noxious nitroaniline isomers

Se realizó un análisis voltamperométrico para los isómeros nocivos de la nitroanilina comprobando la eficacia de una nueva película electropolimerizada modificadora de un electrodo vítreo de carbón.

A new modified electrode was constructed by the electro-polymn. of 7-[(2,4-dihydroxy-5-carboxybenzene)azo]-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (DHCBAQS) at a graphene-nafion modified glassy C electrode (GCE).  The construction process was performed stepwise and at each step the electrochem. characteristics were studied particularly with respect to the oxidn. of the 3 noxious analytes, 2-nitroaniline (2-NA), 3-nitroaniline (3-NA), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA); the electrode treated with the fluorescence reagent DHCBAQS performed best.  At this electrode, the differential pulse voltammetry peak currents of the 3 isomers increased linearly with their concns. of 0.05-0.60 μg/mL, and their corresponding limits of detection (LODs) were all ∼0.022 μg/mL.  Satisfactory results were obtained when this electrode was applied for the simultaneous quant. anal. of the nitroaniline isomer mixts. by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) as calibration methods (relative prediction error (PRET) 9.04 and 9.23%) and av. recoveries 101.0 and 101.7%, resp..  The above novel poly-DHCBAQS/graphene-nafion/GCE was used for the simultaneous anal. of the 3 noxious nitroaniline isomers in water and wastewater.

Lin, Xiaoyun; Ni, Yongnian; Kokot, Serge

Journal of Hazardous Materials (2012), 243, 232-241

Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia in Aqueous Solution Using Fluorescamine: A Comparison of Fluorometric Versus Voltammetric Analysis

En este estudio se comparan dos métodos diferentes para la determinación de amoníaco en soluciones acuosas; la espectroscopía de fluorescencia frente a un análisis voltamperométrico del amoníaco en solución acuosa en reacción con fluorescamina. se encontró que los límites de detección eran similares en ambos métodos.

Fluorescamine is a non-fluorescent reagent widely used for the quant. detn. o f primary amines by fluorescence spectroscopy as it reacts readily with primary amines to form a fluorescent product.  In this work, a new sensitive voltammetric method for the detection of ammonia in aq. soln. by the reaction with fluorescamine has been developed.  First, the electrochem. behavior of fluorescamine in the absence and presence o f ammonia was investigated in 0.1 mol·L-1 borate buffer soln. (pH 9.0) by cyclic voltammetry using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode.  As for fluorescamine itself, a well-defined irreversible oxidn. peak could be obsd. at ca. 0.70 V vs. SCE.  When ammonia was added to the fluorescamine soln., another irreversible oxditaion peak corresponding to the oxidn. o f the reaction product formed between fluorescamine and ammonia could be obsd. at ca. 0.46 V vs. SCE.  Upon the addn. of ammonia, the oxidn. peak o f fluorescamine became smaller while the oxidn. peak o f the reaction product formed increased in height, due to the stoichiometric chem. consumption o f fluorescamine by ammonia and the formation o f the product during the reaction, resp.  These two anodic peaks corresponding to the oxidn. of fluorescamine and its fluorescent product formed were then used for the quant. detection o f ammonia, explored by square wave voltammetry and by fluorescence spectroscopy.  The square wave voltammetric response o f the reaction product formed showed a linear response over ammonia concn. range o f 0 to 60 μmol-L-1.  The limits o f detection (LOD) was found to be 0.71 μmol·L-1 and 3.17 μmol-L-1 detd. based upon Signal/Noise (S/N) = 3 and 3cr, resp. These limits o f detection are similar to those obtained with the fluorometric method.

Panchompoo, Janjira; Compton, Richard G.

Dianhuaxue (2013), 18(5), 437-449

Determination of inorganic phosphate by electroanalytical methods: A review

El siguiente artículo se trata de un resumen de los métodos electroanalíticos utilizados hasta ahora para la determinación de fosfatos escrito por Sheela Berchmansa, Touma B. Issa y Pritam Singh. Como es de esperar, habla de varios métodos voltamperométricos: métodos voltamperométricos basados en reconocimiento supramolecular de fosfatos, voltametría en la interfaz entre dos interfaces de electrolitos inmiscibles y voltamperometría de modulación térmica.

Analytica Chimica Acta 729 (2012) 7– 20

Sheela Berchmansa, Touma B. Issa y Pritam Singh

DETERMINACION DE HERBICIDAS N1TROFENOLES Y S-TRIAZINAS POR VOLTAMPEROMETRIA DE ADSORCION-REDISOLUCION

En el siguiente estudio se han desarrollado métodos para determinar los herbicidas dinoseb, metoprotrina y terbutrina empleando polarografía diferencial de impulsos y voltamperometría de absorción-redisolución. Este artículo está realizado por María Pedrero Muñoz de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/BUCM/tesis/19911996/X/0/X0025401.pdf

Comparison of Analytical Methodologies for Aluminium Determination in Hemodialysis Fluids

Para cuantificar el aluminio en fluidos utilizados en hemoálisis renal se usaron dos metodologías; voltamperometría de adsorción-onda cuadrada y la adsorción electrotérmica. En este artículo Miriam B. uirós, perteneciente al Centro de Electroquímica y energía química de la Universidad de Costa Rica, relata los experimentos llevados a cabo.

Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 2009, 27(2), 69-76

http://www.scielo.oces.mctes.pt/pdf/pea/v27n2/v27n2a01.pdf

Cyclic voltammetry

El video explicativo de la voltamperometría cíclica que se muestra a contisnuación fue realizado por Kyung Mi Kim, Christian Findley y Nefer Ortega.

development of a Voltammetric Method to Determine Molybdenum in Food Grains

Alvarado-Gámez, León-Rojas y Espinoza-Castellón, procedentes del Centro de Electroquímica y Energía química y de la Escuela de química  de la Universidad de Costa Rica, desarrollaron una técnica voltamperométrica de barrido lineal para determinar molibdeno en agua y cereales con preconcentración adsortiva de un molibdeno (VI).

Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 23 (2005) 393-402

http://www.scielo.oces.mctes.pt/pdf/pea/v23n3/v23n3a04.pdf

REDUCCION DEL OXIGENO SOBRE CALCOSITA, PIRITA Y GALENA EN MEDIO ALCALINO

La electroreducción del oxígeno fue investigada a pH = 14 sobre electrodos de calcosita, pirita y galena mediante voltamperometría cíclica y por voltamperometría estacionaria usando una celda electroquímica de flujo de doble canal.

http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0366-16442000000300015&script=sci_arttext

JUAN ORTIZ, SALVADOR BARBATO Y JUAN LUIS GAUTIER 

Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, 

Universidad de Santiago de Chile. 

Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, 

Universidad de Antofagasta

La voltamperometría de micropartículas en la diferenciación de óxidos y oxihidróxidos de hierro

La técnica de voltamperometría de micropartículas se considera apropiada para estudios ambientales y puede ser relacionada con otras técnicas de magnetismo ambiental debido a que es altamente sensible a la detección de especies débilmente magnéticas, como la hematita y la goethita (antiferromagnéticas) y en menor medida a las fuertemente magnéticas, como la magnetita (ferrimagnética). 

El artículo realizado por Rico, Y, Elsner, C.I. y Bidegain, J.C fue publicado en Revista 

de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, v.62 n.3 Buenos Aires jul./sep. 2007

http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-48222007000300009

voltamperometría cíclica y voltamperometría de pulso diferencial.

En el siguiente artículo se refleja un estudio en los avances en la detección simultánea de dopamina, ácido ascórbico y serotonina mediante voltamperometría cíclica y voltamperometría de pulso diferencial empleando electrodos de puntas de lapicero modificados con nanotubos.

http://celectroquimica.cucei.udg.mx/doc/papers/107.pdf


Los autores de este artículo; Albino-Navarro G., Galván-Valencia M., Morales-Acosta D. y Durón-Torres S. M, trabajan en la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas y en el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnólogico en Electroquímica.

Differential Stripping Voltammetry

En el siguiente video Amy Hrdina explica como hacer un determinado tipo de voltamperometría (differential pulse anodic stripping voltametry), explica los componentes del aparato y como se utiliza, además de hacer una demostración práctica.

Effect of structure on the electrochemical oxidation rate of copper and nickel sulfides

Nuevamente se utiliza la voltamperometría para el estudio de una oxidación electroquímica, pero esta vez para los sulfuros de Cu y Ni.

Synthesized samples were crystd. at 10-1000 K/s (νcooling) to study the effect of sulfides structure on the electrochem. oxidn. rates.  The methods of x-ray, optical and electronic microscopy were used to analyze the phase compn., and the methods of voltamperometry and chronoamperometry were used to study the laws of electrochem. oxidn.  Slow cooling of the samples with sulfide phase (Cu1,96S, Ni3S2) leads to crystn. of the metal (Ni, Cu).  High cooling rate leads to crystn. of nonequil. phases, increasing of proportion of the sulfide phase and decreasing of metallic component up to complete disappearance.  Electrochem. oxidn. of Cu and Ni sulfides proceeds stepwise: Me2S → Me2-XS → Me1 + XS → MeS → Me2+ + S.  Expts. revealed the rates of electrochem. oxidn. of granular sulfides that exceed the rates established for the slowly cooled samples.  The rates of the electrochem. oxidn. of Ni3S2 at potential of 1500 mV are 8.8 × 10-8 g/s·mm2 (at νcooling = 10 K/s) and 1.3 × 10-7 g/s·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 K/s).  The rates of the electrochem. oxidn. of Cu2S at potential of 1000 mV are 2.8 × 10-8 g/s·mm2 (at νcooling = 10 K/s) and 4.3 × 10-8 g/s·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 K/s).  The forming of a passivation layer effects the rate of the electrochem. oxidn. of Cu sulfide and Ni sulfide.  Nonequil. phase compn. and refinement provide greater reactivity of sulfides in the conditions of anodic polarization.  The oxidn. and passivation of metallic phase along with sulfide phases proceed from the surface of Me2S - Me alloys.  As for the samples crystd. at 1000 K/s only anodic oxidn. of sulfides occurs due to a lack of metallic phase.  The compns. of passivation films and potentials providing the extn. of S in the elemental state from the sulfides crystd. at high rates were detd.

 Diffusion and Defect Data--Solid State Data, Pt. A: Defect and Diffusion Forum (2012), 326-328(Diffusion in Solids and Liquids VII), 383-387

 Nechvoglod, O. V.; Selivanov, E. N.; Mamyachenkov, S. V

Voltamperometry of selective dissolution of binary homogeneous metallic alloy in solid/liquid-phase mass-transfer conditions

Una técnica voltamperométrica ayudó a resolver el problema existente en la disolución aniónica selectiva cinéticamente reversible de una aleación homogénea entre dos metales a relaciones comparables de masas transferidas de iones metálicos disueltos y átomos en fase sólida.

The problem of anodic kinetically reversible selective dissoln. of homogeneous metal A-B alloy at comparable rates of mass transfer of dissolved metal ions (in the liq. phase) and atoms A (in the solid phase) was solved.  The conditions of purely solid-phase diffusion mass transfer limitations during the selective ionization of an alloy system were established.  With the use of numerical simulation of the voltammetric process the role of potential sweep rate, content of an electroneg. component in an alloy, concn. of ions in soln. and diffusivity in contacting phases in the mixed kinetics of the process is established.

Kozaderov, Oleg A.; Vvedenskii, Aleksandr V.

Kondensirovannye Sredy i Mezhfaznye Granitsy (2011), 13(4), 452-459.

Ion-beam formation of the active surface of methanol oxidation electrocatalysts on the tantalum substrates

La actividad electrocatalítica en la oxidación electrolítica del metanol en un sustrato de tántalo es medida por una voltamperometría cíclica.

The active surfaces of electrocatalysts are formed by the ion-beam-assisted deposition of one of the rare-earth metals and platinum onto tantalum substrates from a neutral vapor fraction and the vacuum-arc discharge plasma of a pulsed ion source.  Deposited metal ions are used as agents to aid deposition.  The compn. and microstructure of the formed surface layers are investigated via SEM, electron probe microanal., electron backscatter diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry.  Electrocatalytic activity in the electrochem. oxidn. of methanol, which underlies the operation of low-temp. fuel cells, is investigated via cyclic voltamperometry.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1027451012090121

Poplavskii, V. V.; Stel'makh, T. S.; Matys, V. G.

Journal of Surface Investigation: X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques (2012), 6(5), 748-757

Influence of tetrakis(4'-decaoxyphenyl)porphyrin addition on electrochemical reduction of oxygen on Pt electrode in dimethylformamide

Para medir la influencia que tiene en la reducción electroquímica del oxígeno la adición de un compuesto en concreto (tetrakis(4'-decaoxyphenyl)porphyrin) se utilizó una técnica voltamperométrica cíclica compuesta por un electrodo de platino. Esta medición es posible gracias a que la corriente de reducción electroquímica del oxígeno es proporcional a la velocidad con la que rota el electrodo.

http://macroheterocycles.isuct.ru/en/annot/t05n02/131

Popov, Ivan A.; Kuzmin, Sergey M.; Chulovskaya, Svetlana A.; Semeikin, Alexander S.; Parfenyuk, Vladimir I.

 Makrogeterotsikly (2012), 5(2), 131-135

Electrochemical corrosion of the Al87(Y, Dy)5Ni8 amorphous alloys

La corrosión electroquímica de un determinado compuesto de aluminio fue medida en el trabajo llevado a cabo por Boichishin, L. M.; Kovbuz, M. O.; Gertsik, O. M.; Kotur, B. Ya.; Nosenko, V. K., entre otras técnicas, por voltamperometría.

The parameters of electrochem. corrosion of aluminum amorphous Al87(Y,Dy)5Ni8 alloys in NaCl and HCl aq. solns. are investigated by electrochem. impedance spectroscopy, potentiometry, voltamperometry, and Kelvin-probe methods.  Complete and partial substitution of Y in Al87Y5Ni8 alloy with Dy causes the substantial change of structure of superficial oxide layer with lower protective properties of metallic surface.

Metallofizika i Noveishie Tekhnologii (2012), 34(11), 1585-1593

Evaluation of silver-infused polylactide films for inactivation of Salmonella and feline calicivirus in vitro and on fresh-cut vegetables

La introducción de plata en una película de polilactida se hizo con el objetivo de inactivar ciertas enfermedades como la salmonelosis. para comprobar la efectividad de este experimento se mide la migración de la plata en la película a través de una voltamperometría.

Aquí puede leerese el resumen del artículo:

There is a growing trend to develop packaging materials with an active role in guarantying that the quality and safety characteristics of packaged products will remain or improve from prepn. throughout shelf-life.In the present study, 0.001-1.0 wt.% silver ions were satisfactorily incorporated into polylactide (PLA) films by a solvent casting technique.  Silver migration from the films was measured by voltamperometry and then correlated with its antimicrobial efficacy against Salmonella enterica and feline calicivirus (FCV), a human norovirus surrogate, by using the Japanese industrial std. (JIS Z 2801).  The PLA-silver films showed strong antibacterial and antiviral activity in vitro, with increasing effects at higher silver concns.  Moreover, results show that FCV was less susceptible to silver than Salmonella.  When films were applied on food samples, antibacterial and antiviral activity was reduced as compared to in vitro.  Antimicrobial activity was very much dependent on the food type and temp.  In lettuce samples incubated at 4 °C during 6 days, 4 log CFU of Salmonella was inactivated for films with 1.0 wt.% and no infectious FCV was reported under the same conditions.  On paprika samples, no antiviral effect was seen on FCV infectivity whereas films showed less antibacterial activity on Salmonella.

Martinez-Abad, A.; Ocio, M. J.; Lagaron, J. M.; Sanchez, G

International Journal of Food Microbiology (2013), 162(1), 89-94

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160513000032

A decrease in concentrations of heavy metals in aquatic medium during interactions with macrophytes

En este trabajo se miden las concentraciones de algunos metales pesados en un medio acuático por técnicas voltamperométricasm para cuantificar el decrecimiento de los mismos por reacción con macrófitos.

El artículo fue escrito por Poklonov, V. A.; Kotelevzev, S. A.; Shestakova, T. V. y Ostroumov, S. A. y publicado por la revista Ekologicheskaya Khimiya (2011), 20(4), 200-203